Hong Ming
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1) They were rebellion, civil wars and natural disasters.

Pg 158

1) They were natural disasters, succession disruptes, warfare , rebellion and piracy.

Pg 161

2) The ancient people would built dykes to control flooding and persistent in rebuilding their homes ,rulers would practiced good and wise leadership , followed the system of hereditary suceesion and they tried to lessen the impact of natural disasters by building dykes and distributing food to the starving , generally gained he loyaltly of their people.

Pg 174

2) Many foreign invaders readily accepted Chinese culture and intergrated into Chinese society . They adopted chinese names , customs, dressing and used the chinese language and script . Rulers of the nomadic tribes also married Chinese women.

Pg 177

1) They were rivartly between kingdoms , foreign invasions and patriotic rebellions.

Pg 181

2)The people of ancient India , China and Southeast Asia had to build large armies and physical barriers such as walls and forts to protect themselves against foriegn attactks . They also had to constantly invent better and more advanced weapons. Friendships were also established between rulers of differnt kingdoms and empires to prevent wars .








1. The internal threats the Chinese faced were rebellion, civil wars and natural disasters.

1. The internal threats were Natural Disasters like volcanic eruptiond, Succession Disputes, Warfare and Rebellion, and Piracy.

1. In ancients China, the Chinese built dykes to control floodings while in ancient India, the Indus people were very persistent in rebuilding their homes.

1.The measures were forming a tribute system, building physical barriers and developing advanced weapons.

1. The Kings of early Southeast Asian kingdoms had form alliances with their neighbouring kingdom , bulit strong armies & barriers , developed more advanced weapons & strong rebellions.

2. Ancient people built physical barriers and armies and invented weapons to protect themselves against invaders, rulers established friendships with other rulers, foreign invaders adopted the culture of the local people and the lessons from the past.

Spread of Hinduism to SEA

• Came to SEA around the 1st century CE
• Believed that hindu priest from india were invited to the courts of ancient SEA rulers to teach Indian culture.
• historians concluded that india was considered to be one of the most advanced civilisations of the ancient world
• SEA kings wanted to learn from Indians

Spread of Buddhism to SEA

• Came to SEA C. 300 CE
• brought by indian and chinese traders as well as the Buddhist missionaries who traveled with them

Discuss the impact that the religion had on ancient Southeast Asia.

• Guided Southeast Asian rulers in the way they governed

Example

• In mainland southeast Asia, Khmer kings became Hindu devarajas(divine kings) and had their people construct capitals cities in which their palaces represented the home of the gods.

• Conversion to Islam
• Rulers of maritime SEA kingdoms no longer saw themselves as gods but continued to use emblems of kingship, which were usually used by divine Hindu Kings.

• Today, the religions of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam continue to shape the lives of people in SEA
  

RELIGION


Use of oracle bones- the shoulder bone of an ox onto which the priest scratched questions for a person’s ancestors
After the bone was heated, the priest interpreted the cracks

All of the Shang citizens shared a religion, at the core of which was the belief that their ancestors lived in a spirit world and, if they worshipped them and gave them sacrifices, the spirit of their ancestor would guide them and keep away as many bad things as they could. To worship their ancestors, the Shang people would place food in a bronze vessel called the Fang Ding Zun, and put wine into a bronze container called the Jia. Every time someone royal died, there would be human and dog sacrifices to help them in the spirit world. They also believed in two other gods, Ruler Above and God of Earth.

From the images given, such as the ritual vessels and the inscbied ox scapula, we know that there is an existand of priests. Conduct a research to learn more about the religion that the people of Shang Civilisation practiced. Blog your answers supported by pictoral or written sources as your evidence.

The Shang worshipped the “Shang Di,” who was the supreme god that ruled over the lesser gods of the sun, the moon, the wind, the rain, and other natural forces and places.8 They also worship8ped their ancestors because they believed that although their ancestors lived in heaven after their death, they were still actively involved in the affairs of family and descendants. The kings communicated with their ancestors using oracle bones and made frequent sacrifices to them. As in many other societies, they sacrificed animals to royal ancestors and to various nature gods,9 using sacrifices to ask the ancestors or gods for help and to feed the ancestors or gods to keep them strong.10 They believed that if they failed to properly worship their ancestors, their family and the kingdom would experience many disasters.
Because the Shang believed in the afterlife and ancestor worship, they thought very seriously about burial and what was to accompany the deceased to his or her grave. The vast and elaborate tombs of the Shang royal family are signs of their strong beliefs. Among the many treasures buried in important people’s tombs were the remains of many other people. Some were nameless individuals who had been captured during battle and used as human sacrifices at burials. Others were relatives or lower-ranking dependents of the deceased. This practice of burying lower-ranking people reflected the Shang’s belief that those related to a king or lord by blood or service in life were expected to continue that relationship in death.

Discuss and write down why, how and what had happened to have caused an end to the Shang Dynasty.
The fall of the Shang dynasty was much like that of the Xia dynasty, the last king was a cruel tyrant. Instead of the people overthrowing the king, he was killed by a king from a rival kingdom, the Chou kingdom. The Chou dynasty was part of the Shang kingdom; its civilization was a combination of the Shang culture and that of non-Chinese civilizations.

Shang dynasty video(just for ur information......

part 2

part 3 last part

With your group members , discuss and write down why, how and what had happened to have caused a rapid end to the Indus Valley Civilisation. Present your findings on the powerpoint slides .Support your conclusion with evidence .

a) the indus river changed course and floods no longer fertilized the fields near the cities (river dried up completely)
b)Monsoons (seasonal winds that bring torrential rainfall during the summer months) (still occur today in Pakistan)
c) Invaders (belief that Aryan nomads traveled through mountains and attacked the peaceful people for they were very peaceful so they occupied very little or no weapons to defend themselves)
d) a natural disaster (maybe monsoon or earthquake or hurricane)